STUDII DE ISTORIE A FILOSOFIEI UNIVERSALE, vol. XXX, 2022


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 NUMĂRUL CURENT

SIFU_XXX_2022.pngSTUDII DE ISTORIE A FILOSOFIEI UNIVERSALE, vol. XXX, 2022
Coordonatori: CLAUDIU BACIU, ION TĂNĂSESCU
Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022

ISSN (print): 1583-8536
ISSN (online): 3008-2129
ISSN-L 1583-8536
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FUNCŢIILE IMAGINARULUI ÎN POIESIS
MIHAI POPA
Institutul de Filosofie și Psihologie „Constantin Rădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române

Functions of the Imaginary in Poiesis
Abstract. Among the spiritual vocations that claim the right to be a constitutive part of cultural anthropology, the imaginary must cover the most significant part, since, historically, artistically, but especially because the archetypes and symbols contained in it come from the deepest irrational, must be brought to the light of consciousness. Compared to the original, derogatory meaning of imagination and image as imitation, the modern conception of imagination has emphasized the synthetic meaning of the ability to imagine, somewhat similar to analogy, but also the anticipatory, creative power evident in literary creations -artistic, but also in the sciences. Imagination is a faculty of the mind in many respects related to, or which may support, that of discursive thought.
Keywords: imaginary, poiesis, unity, representation, form.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 9-16]
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CATEGORIA RAŢIUNII SUFICIENTE LA LEIBNIZ
ADRIAN NIŢĂ
Institutul de Filosofie și Psihologie ,,Constantin Rădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române
Universitatea ,,Ștefan cel Mare”, Suceava

The Category of Sufficient Reason in Leibniz
Abstract. I will focus in this paper on three aspects: understanding, good, and spiritual membrane. Leibniz did not make any explicit difference between intellect and reason, as, for example, we can clearly see in Kant and in the era that followed him. In this way, an extremely interesting game arose with the two fundamental aspects of the human being: let’s call them intellectual capacities and reason capacities. In order to approach the principal interrogation of our research – what is the nature of man as a spirit? – we need to start with a comprehensive meaning of understanding, moving on to understanding as a means of behaving and finishing with understanding as means of harmony – the perfect, empathic understanding. On the base of this act, in the final part of the paper, I will propose an image relating to hermeneutic of the man as a monad; as a spiritual being, in my view of Leibniz, man is a spirit means that the monad is a set of spiritual membranes.
Keywords: early modern philosophy, reason, understanding, good, membrane, monad, Leibniz, Kant, Heidegger, Marion.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 17-34]
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KANT ŞI SENTIMENTUL SPAŢIULUI. PROBLEMA LOCULUI ŞI A DIRECŢIEI ÎN SISTEMUL TRANSCENDENTAL
DRAGOŞ GRUSEA
Universitatea Națională de Arte București

Kant and the Sentiment of Space. The Problem of Place and Direction in the Transcendental System
Abstract. This paper aims at describing a certain evolution of the concept of „direction” in Kant's system, which can show that the Kantian concept of space as an a priori form of intuition is founded in the concept of place. I start with the feeling of space as it is described in the Gegenden-Schrift and argue that the act of self-localisation of the body generates an abstract concept of direction, which is afterwards thematised in Kant's other writings. In the Metaphysical Foundations of natural science, the phenomenology chapter shows that the Kantian theory of motion starts with the subject’s action of localising itself in a space, which makes it possible to see two spaces moving in opposite direction. What I emphasise is that there exists a fundamental relation between the concept of space and the subject's body, expressed by the sentiment of space. In the end I offer a succession of the concepts of direction present in Kant's system from the abstract directionality in the pre-critical writings to the direction of all directions thematised in the Metaphysical Foundations.
Keywords: space, place, body, direction, motion, time, orientation.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 35-44]
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CRIZĂ SAU PROGRES? SCHWAB, MERIAN ŞI CONCURSUL ACADEMIEI DIN BERLIN DESPRE METAFIZICA SECOLULUI AL XVIII-LEA
TINCA PRUNEA-BRETONNET
Institutul de Filosofie şi Psihologie „ConstantinRădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române

Crisis or Progress? Schwab, Merian, and the Prize Contest on the Metaphysics of the Enlightenment
Abstract. In this article I examine Schwab’s prize essay for the 1791/1795 contest of the Berlin Academyon the progress of metaphysics, as well as J.-B. Merian’s treatment of this question in his “Historical Parallel of our Two National Philosophies”of 1797. I argue that both essays propose an interpretation of the metaphysics of the Enlightenment as a whole and aim to assess Kant’s impacton philosophy, offering a remarkable overview of eighteenth-century metaphysical thought. I show how they elaborate an anti-Kantian view, one by endorsing a Leibnizian standpoint admirative of Wolff’s achievements (Schwab), the other by defending the philosophical stance of the Berlin Academy and its eclectic principles (Merian). Moreover, I analyse their ways to address what they identify as the crisis of metaphysics and the chances of progress of this science.
Keywords: metaphysics, Enlightenment, eclectic philosophy, critical philosophy, Berlin Academy, Leibniz,Kant, Merian, Schwab, Wolff.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 45-60]
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DIALECTICA LUMINILOR LA HEGEL
VLAD MUREŞAN
Universitatea „Babeș-Bolyai”, Cluj-Napoca

Dialectic of Enlightenment in Hegel  
Abstract. We are so accustomed to associating the dialectic of Enlightenment to Adorno that we neglect an alternative critique by Hegel, the first one to demystify instrumental reason as the primal result of Enlightenment. Hegel argues that there are basically two contradictions: the Enlightenment’s attack on faith and then the Enlightenment’s contradiction with itself. Against the first, Hegel proves that the intellection is as one sided as the faith as complementary abstract solutions that speculative reason alone can unify. As to the second, Hegel argues that the Enlightenment separates itself into the opposing views of deism and atheism. Hegel holds these two abstract solutions as philosophically false, beneath the level already achieved by Descartes. Finally we argue that in exposing the self-destructive nature of Enlightenment, Hegel clearly anticipates how postmodernism is inherent in modern criticism of premodern metaphysics.
Keywords: Hegel, Enlightenment, dialectic of Enlightenment, faith, utility, nihilism.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 61-77]
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DESPRE EXTERIORITATEA FAŢĂ DE SINE A NATURII ÎN CONCEPŢIA LUI HEGEL
CLAUDIU BACIU
Institutul de Filosofie şi Psihologie „Constantin Rădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române

On Nature’s Externality to Itself in Hegel
Abstract. The paper explains the metaphysical premises of the Hegelian understanding of nature, the meaning of the externality of material nature, and why subjectivity is necessarily different from simple material nature in this philosophy.
Keywords: Nature, externality, subjectivity, metaphysics, space.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 79-92]
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CONCEPTUL DE SENTIMENT LA SCHOPENHAUER
IONUŢ RĂDUICĂ
Universitatea din Craiova

The Concept of Sentiment in Schopenhauer  
Abstract. This study is focused on the Schopenhauer’s philosophy through the concept of feeling. The main question regards not what is the feeling in itself, but what is this meaning for the subject`s mind. To answer at this question, we will have to deal at first with the concepts of representation, or with the intellect and its fundamental rules. On the second half of the study we will research the relation between the body and the feeling, and between the body and the will, which is the most important aspect. At the end we will display that the feeling is a practical function of the intellect. For this reason, the intellect is not able to `work` without the emotional part within a body.
Keywords: Schopenhauer,feeling, body, will, representation.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 93-102]
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CONCEPTUL DE LIBER ARBITRU ÎN FILOSOFIA ETERNEI REÎNTOARCERI
IOANA CRISTINA NICOLAE

The Concept of Free Will in the Philosophy of the Eternal Reccurence
Abstract. This paper aims first to outline the notion of Friedrich Nietzsche’s free will and here we will see why the philosopher rejects traditional definitions in favor of his own. From here we will continue to the fate, the Übermensch and the will to power. We will then proceed to amor fati, Nietzsche’s moral and in the end we will reach to the philosophy of the eternal recurrence, an everlasting event that affected humankind from the beginning of time.
Keywords: will, fate, recurrence, values, destruction.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 103-111]
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FIZIOLOGIA GÂNDIRII TOTALITARE DE LA KARL MARX LA HANNAH ARENDT
CRISTINA ALEXANDRU
Institutul de Filosofie şi Psihologie „Constantin Rădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române

The Physiology of Totalitarian Thinking From Karl Marx To Hannah Arendt
Abstract. The concept of totalitarianism is one of the most important concepts of the political thought because both history and present times show us how this theme is always a current one, in the context of the violence, constrains, abuses that are present in today’s society. Karl Marx and Hannah Arendt are two thinkers how have analyzed this concept in their writings. On the one hand we have a creator of political theory, and on the other hand we have the analyst of the political theory. Both highly appreciated each one in their own fields.
Keywords: totalitarianism, political theory, the communist manifest, concentration camp, torture.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 113-126]
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CONCEPTUL DE STIL LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA: EXPLOZIE ŞI CRIZĂ
ERWIN KESSLER
Institutul de Filosofie şi Psihologie „Constantin Rădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române

The Concept of Style at the Beginning of the 20th Century: Explosion and Crisis
Abstract. The Concept of Style at the Beginning of the 20th century: explosion and crisis is an overview of a series of transformations of the concept of style during the transition of the modernist art towards the avant-garde. Starting from the positive sense given to the concept of style throughout the second half of the 19th century, especially in the space of the German theory and philosophy of art (from Gottfired Semper to Alois Riegl), the research identifies the main triggers of the sceptical and even critical understanding of the functionality of the concept of style in both the artistic production, its aesthetic reception and the more specialized interpretation. The research starts from pointing out the unprecedented and wilful proliferation of artistic styles during the last decades of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, when many artistic trends appeared explicitly with the aspiration of introducing a „new style”. The intentional targeting of the style as an engine of artistic innovation was rapidly echoed in the aesthetics and the art theory of the time, that frequently replaced the concept of art (which appeared as dated) with the concept of art, such as in the cases of Wilhelm Worringer or Paul Signac. Based upon the understanding given by Stephen Toulmin to the typical, modernist myth of rationality, the powerful influence of the concept of style is framed as the outcome of the processes of pretended rationalization of the artistic production – consciously producing styles (and reflecting, with the artistic production, upon the very theoretical reflexion that made it possible) was assimilated with enhancing rationality in art. The assumed production of successive styles was also a vested way of accepting their historical status, their temporary and transient condition, but also their consumption-oriented ideology. This trend is presented through the examples of Jugendstil and early, German Expressionism of the group Die Brücke. The research uncovers a further theoretical (and even moral) dissatisfaction of some theorists faced with the pressing influence of style (and its collateral offspring, the stylization) onto the art and aesthetics of the time. From Georg Simmel toMaurice Denis, such theoretical standpoints are viewed as a pre-condition of the Futurist out-burst of the avant-garde, and especially of its condemnation of everything related to style and stylization in art, followed by the series of conceptual cataclisms that completely changed the way artistic production and creativity were conceived – and ar conceived, even today.
Keywords: rationality, style, modernism, myth, historicity, diversity.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 127-146]
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SIR WILLIAM DAVID ROSS ȘI FILOSOFIA ARISTOTELICĂ
SIR WILLIAM DAVID ROSS AND ARISTOTELIAN PHILOSOPHY
 
INTERPRETAREA LOGICII ARISTOTELICE DE CĂTRE SIR WILLIAM DAVID ROSS
ŞERBAN N. NICOLAU
Institutul de Filosofie și Psihologie ,,Constantin Rădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române

Interpretation of Aristotelian Logic by Sir William David Ross
Abstract: Aristotle is undoubtedly considered the creator of logic in general. Following Socrates and Plato, to whom the first attempts to circumscribe a special domain that would later be called that of logic belong, Aristotle leaves, through the six works that now make up the Organon, the treaties that substantiate logic. Of the theories of the three classical logical forms, namely notion, judgment and reasoning, Aristotle has almost completely developed the theory of reasoning in the form of the theory of syllogism through the two Analytics and partly the theory of notion, which he speaks of in Categories, and of judgment, of which he speaks in On Interpretation. There are, however, many indications that these treatises reached us were not the only logical works of Aristotle, and the ensemble of Aristotelian works, those that make up the Organon in this case and the others preserved up to us in general, allow the reconstitution of the classical logical theory as it was conceived by the author. Exegetes, editors, translators, interpreters and commentators of Aristotelian logic relate to this problem — classical logical theory complete with all three classical logical forms (notion, judgment, and reasoning) — in the most diverse ways. It is this perspective of relating to the Aristotelian logical work in which we try to circumscribe the interpretation of Sir William David Ross.
Keywords: notion, judgment, reasoning, formal principle, material principle, linguistic expression, classical logical form.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 149-156]
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ETICA LUI SIR W.D. ROSS ÎN CONTEXT
MARIAN GEORGE PANAIT
Institutul de Filosofie și Psihologie ,,Constantin Rădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române

The Ethics of Sir W.D. Ross in Context
Abstract. Given the morals-ethics-metaethics tripartition, I argue for the supremacy of morals, in the sense that the latter two must not be reduced to a strictly theoretical dispute between specialists, but must be built with morals in mind at all times. I use the case of Sir W.D. Ross to illustrate this idea. I sketch out some moral and intellectual contexts relevant to his personality and I place in this framework the fundamental structure of his ethics. I argue that its positions (pluralism, intuitionism, non-naturalism, etc.) are on the one hand consistent with these contexts, on the other much less questionable in their light.
Keywords: morals, ethics, Kantianism, utilitarianism, intuitionism.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 157-167]
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FRANZ BRENTANO ŞI SIR WILLIAM DAVID ROSS DESPRE PROBLEMATICA ADEVĂRULUI ÎN METAFIZICA V 7, 1017A 31-35 ŞI VI 4, 1028A 1-3
ION TĂNĂSESCU
Institutul de Filosofie și Psihologie ,,Constantin Rădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române

Franz Brentano and Sir William David Ross on the Problem of Truth in Metaphysics V 7, 1017a 31–35 şi VI 4, 1028a 1–3  
Abstract. The paper analyzes the question of truth in Franz Brentano’s dissertation starting from the way in which Brentano explains in his work the lines Met. V 7, 1017a 31-35 and Met. VI 4, 1028a 1-3. The leading idea of the paper is that Brentano interprets these texts in a medieval conceptualist perspective and that this interpretation it isn’t relevant for the Aristotelian thought, but for Brentano’s early vision on the truth.
Keywords: polysemy of being, metaphysics, being as truth, correspondence theory of truth, conceptualism.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 157-167]
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TRADUCERI
Translations 

Capitolul 7 din cartea Δ a Metafizicii aristotelice 
ȘERBAN N. NICOLAU
Institutul de Filosofie și Psihologie ,,Constantin Rădulescu-Motru” al Academiei Române 

Chapter 7 of the Book Δ of Aristotle’s Metaphysics 
Abstract: The article is a short introduction to the problems related to the Aristotelian treatise known as Metaphysics, as well as an introduction to book Δ and specifically to chapter 7 of this book, about Being. The main theories regarding the genesis and current composition of the treatise, controversies, assumptions and certain data are presented, together with the most important comments preserved in the more than two millennia of influence exerted by it on philosophy in general.
Keywords: Aristotelian corpus, acroamatic writings, physics, metaphysics, being, being, existence.

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 189-200]
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ARISTOTEL, Metafizica, V (Δ), 7 (1017a7-b9) (traducere de Şerban N. Nicolau)
ARISTOTLE, Metaphysics, V (Δ), 7 (1017a7-b9) (translation Şerban N. Nicolau)

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, p. 203]
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ALEXANDRU DIN AFRODISIA, Comentariu la Aristotel, Met., V(Δ), 7 (1017a7-b9) (traducere de Şerban N. Nicolau)
ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, V(Δ), 7 (1017a7-b9) (translation Şerban N. Nicolau)

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 205-209]
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SIR WILLIAM DAVID ROSS, Comentariu la Aristotel, Met., V(Δ), 7 (traducere de Şerban N. Nicolau)
SIR WILLIAM DAVID ROSS, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, V(Δ), 7 (translation Şerban N. Nicolau)

[Studii de istorie a filosofiei universale, vol. XXX, Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2022, pp. 211-215]
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